Cell Structure 3D

Interactive 3D exploration of eukaryotic cell organelles and their functions

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize cellular functions. The nucleus houses DNA and controls gene expression. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) synthesizes proteins destined for membranes or export, while the smooth ER (SER) synthesizes lipids and detoxifies compounds. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or lysosomal delivery. Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (cellular respiration). Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion. The cytoskeleton (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) provides structural support, enables movement, and organizes intracellular transport. Plant cells additionally have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole for turgor pressure. The endomembrane system (ER → Golgi → lysosomes → plasma membrane) represents a continuous pathway of membrane flow.