Measure static and kinetic friction coefficients
Static friction prevents an object from moving when a force is applied up to a maximum threshold F_s,max = μ_s N. Once motion begins, kinetic friction F_k = μ_k N acts, typically with μ_k < μ_s. Both friction forces are proportional to the normal force N but independent of contact area. The coefficients μ_s and μ_k depend only on the materials in contact.
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